Dr Gary N. Marks

Research Associate (Level of Associate Professor)
Melbourne Institute of Applied Economic and Social Research
Tel. +61 3 8344 2149
Fax. +61 3 8344 2111
Email. gmarks@unimelb.edu.au

Curriculum Vitae

Gary N. Marks is a research associate with the Melbourne Institute at the level of associate professor. He is currently on secondment from the Australian Council for Educational Research. At ACER he was director on the Longitudinal Studies of Australian Youth project which studies the transition of young people from school to work. His work on the LSAY project includes educational (e.g. school completion, early school leaving, university participation), labour market (e.g. employment, unemployment, occupation and income) and social outcomes (e.g. well-being, leaving home and family formation). He was also involved in the OECD's international project on student achievement. Before ACER, he was a research fellow at the Research School of the Social Sciences at the Australian National University where he published on occupational mobility, status attainment and political behaviour with a particular emphasis on changes over time and cross-national differences.

At the Melbourne Institute he is working on the HILDA project on the following areas:

• Wealth
• Poverty and Financial Stress
• Income Dynamics

Publications

• Journal Articles
• Book Chapters
• Major Research Reports
• Working Papers
• Keynote Addresses
• Presentations

Journal Articles

Social Science Citation Index Journal Articles (denoted by asterisks*)

Forthcoming

41* Marks, Gary N. ‘ Do Schools Matter for Early School Leaving? Individual and School Influences in Australia ’, School Effectiveness and School Improvement, Acceptance May 10 2007

40* Marks, Gary N. ‘Accounting for the Gender Gap in Reading and Mathematics: Evidence from 31 Countries’, Oxford Review of Education, 34(1). Acceptance November 2 2006

2007

39* Marks, Gary N. (2007) “A re Father's or Mother's Socioeconomic Characteristics more important influences on Student Performance? Recent International Evidence” , Social Indicators Research Abstract

38* Marks, Gary N. (2007) ‘ Detrimental Effects of Living with a Grandparent: Cross-National Evidence ’, Journal of Comparative Family Studies, 38(1): 167-177 Access

2006

37. Webster, Beth, Marks, Gary N. and Wooden, Mark (2006) ‘Reforming the Labour Market for Australian Teachers’, Australian Journal of Education 50(2): 185-202.

36. Marks, Gary N., Cresswell, John and Ainley, John (2006) ‘Explaining the Effects of Socioeconomic Background on Student Achievement: The Role of Home and School Factors’, Educational Research and Evaluation 12(2): 105-128. Abstract

35* Marks, Gary N. (2006) ‘Influences on, and the Consequences of, Low Achievement’, Australian Educational Researcher, 33(1):95-115. Article

34* Marks, Gary N. (2006) ‘Are Between- and Within-School Differences in Student Performance largely due to Socio-Economic Background? Evidence from 30 Countries’, Educational Research 48(1):21-40. Abstract

33* Marks, Gary N. (2006) ‘Family Size, Family Type and Student Achievement: Cross-National Differences and the Role of Socioeconomic Background and Schools’, Journal of Comparative Family Studies 37(1):1-24. Abstract

2005

32. Marks, Gary N. ‘The Dynamics of Financial Disadvantage in Australia’, Agenda:A Journal of Policy Analysis and Reform, 12(4):309-322. Article

31* Headey, Bruce, Marks, Gary N and Wooden, Mark, (2005) ‘The Dynamics of Income Poverty in Australia: Evidence from the first three Waves of the HILDA Survey’, Australian Journal of Social Issues 40(4):541-552 .

30* Marks, Gary N. (2005) ‘Issues in the School-to-Work Transition. Evidence from the Longitudinal Surveys of Australian Youth’, Journal of Sociology 42(4):365– 388. Abstract

29* Marks, Gary N. (2005) ‘Cross-National Differences and Accounting for Social Class Inequalities in Education’, International Sociology 20(4):483–505. Abstract

28. Marks, Gary N. and Cresswell, John (2005) ‘State Differences in Achievement’, Australian Journal of Education 49(2):141-151.

27* Marks, Gary N. (2005) ‘Immigrant Students and Student Achievement: Cross-National Differences and the Role of the Home Environment and Schools’, Ethnic and Racial Studies 28(5):925–946. Abstract

26. Headey, Bruce, Wooden, Mark and Marks, Gary N (2005) ‘The Structure and Distribution of Wealth in Australia', Australian Economic Review 38(2):159–175. Abstract

25* Marks, Gary N., Headey, Bruce and Wooden, Mark (2005) ‘Wealth in Australia: Its Components, Distribution and Correlates’, Journal of Sociology 41(1):47–68. Abstract

24. Webster, Elizabeth, Wooden, Mark and Marks, Gary N. (2005) ‘ Teaching and the Teacher Labour Market: The Case for Reform’,Australian Economic Review 38(1):91–98. Access

2004

23. Marks, Gary N. (2004) ‘School Sector Differences in Tertiary entrance: Improving the Educational Outcomes of Government School students’ Australian Social Monitor 7(2):43– 47. Article

22* Marks, Gary N. (2004) ‘Communist Party Membership in Five Former Soviet Bloc Countries, 1945-1989’, Communist and Post-Communist Studies 37(2):241– 263. Abstract

21. Marks, Gary N., McMillan, Julie and Ainley, J. (2004) ‘Policy Issues for Australia’s Education Systems: Evidence from International and Australian Research’, Education Policy Analysis Archives 12(17) Article

20* Marks, Gary N. (2004) ‘The Measurement of Socioeconomic Inequalities in Education: A Further Comment’, Acta Sociologica 47(1):91–93. Volume

2003

19. Marks, Gary N. and Rothman, Sheldon (2003) ‘Longitudinal Surveys of Australian Youth’, Australian Economic Review 36:428–434. Access

18* Marks, Gary N. and McMillan, Julie (2003) ‘Declining Inequality? The Changing Impact of Socioeconomic Background and Ability on Education in Australia’, British Journal of Sociology 54(4):453–471. Abstract

Prior to 2003

17* Marks, Gary N. and Fleming, Nicole (1999) ‘The Influences and Consequences of Well-being among Australian Young People’, Social Indicators Research 46(3):301–323. Abstract

16* Forrest, John and Marks, Gary N. (1999) ‘The Mass Media, Election Campaigning and Voter Response: The Australian Experience’, Party Politics 5(1):99–114. Summary

15* Marks, Gary N. (1997) ‘The Formation of Materialist and Postmaterialist Values’, Social Science Research 26:52–68. Abstract 

14* Marks, Gary N. and McDonell, Paula (1996) ‘New Politics? The Mabo Decision and Public Opinion on Native Title in Australia’, International Journal of Public Opinion Research 8(1):32–50. Abstract

13* Marks, Gary N., Pittelkow, Yvonne and Jones, Frank L., (1996) ‘Structural Change and Association in Mobility Tables: An Integrated Approach’, Quality and Quantity 30: 61–86. Abstract

12* Marks, Gary N. and Mitchell, John (1994) “Explaining Labor's win at the 1993 Australian Federal Election”. International Journal of Public Opinion Research 6(3): 241–263. Abstract

11* Jackman, Simon and Marks, Gary N. (1994) ‘Forecasting Australian Elections. 1993, and all that’, Australian Journal of Political Science 29(2): 277–291

10* Jones, Frank L., Kojima, H. and Marks, Gary N. (1994) ‘Comparative Social Fluidity: Trends Over-time in Father-to-Son Mobility in Australia and Japan 1965–1985’, Social Forces 72(3):775-798.

9. Marks, Gary N. (1993) ‘Partisanship, Issues, Leaders and the Vote in Australia. Changes over time 1967-1990’, Political Behavior 15(2): 137–166.

8* Marks, Gary N. (1993) ‘Intra- and Extra-Familial Political Socialisation: The Australian Case and Changes over time, 1967-1990’, Electoral Studies 12(2):128–157. Abstract

7* Bean, Clive S. and Marks, Gary N. (1993) ‘The Australian Federal Election of 1993’, Electoral Studies 12(3):253–256.

6* Marks, Gary N. and Bean, Clive S. (1992) ‘Sources of Support for Minor Parties: The Case of the Australian Democrats’, Electoral Studies 11(3):311–333. Abstract

5* Marks, Gary N. (1992) ‘Ascription versus Achievement in Australia: Changes over Time 1965-1990’, Australian and New Zealand Journal of Sociology 28(3):330–350. Abstract

4* Marks, Gary N. and Jones, Frank L. (1991) ‘Change over Time in Father-son Mobility in Australia’, Australian and New Zealand Journal of Sociology 27(3): 315–331. Abstract

3* Marks, Gary N., Western, John S. and Western, Mark C. (1989) ‘Class and Income in Australia’, Australian and New Zealand Journal of Sociology 25: 410–427. Abstract

2* Boreham, Paul, Clegg, S., Emmison, M., Gibson, D., Marks, G.N., Western, J. S. (1989) ‘Semi-peripheries or particular pathways: the case of Australia, Canada and New Zealand as Class Formations’, International Sociology, 4: 67–90.

1* Baxter, Janeen, Boreham, P., Clegg, S. Emmison, M., Gibson, D. Marks, G.N. and Western, J.S. (1989) ‘The Australian Class Structure - some preliminary results from the Australian Class Project ’, Australian and New Zealand Journal of Sociology 25(3): 100–120. 2006

Book Chapters

Marks, Gary N. and McMillan, Julie (2007) ‘Changes in Socioeconomic Inequalities in University Participation in Australia’ in Yossi Shavit, Richard Arum and Adam (eds.) Stratification in Higher Education: A Comparative Study. Stanford: Stanford University Press.

Major Research Reports

R21. Marks, Gary. N. (2007) Income Poverty, Subjective Poverty and Financial Stress. Report for Department of Family and Community Services. 86 pp. Social Policy Research Paper no. 29 , June 2007 Department of Family, Community Services and Indigenous Affairs. ISSN 1833-4369 ISBN 1 9211 3030X SummaryReport

R20. Marks, Gary. N. (2007) Course Completion and Post-University Destinations of Commencing University Students . Report for Department of Education, Science and Technology.46 pp. (LSAY Research Report No. 51). 70 pp. ISSN 1440-3455 ISBN 0 86431 422 2 Report

R19. Marks, Gary. N. (2006) The Transition to Full-Time Employment of Young Persons who do not go to University. Report for Department of Education, Science and Technology. (LSAY Research Report No. 49). 70 pp. ISSN 1440-3455 ISBN 0 86431 541 4 Report

R18. Marks, Gary. N. (2005) Unmet Demand? Characteristics and Subsequent Activities of University Applicants Not Offered a Place. Report for Department of Education, Science and Technology. (LSAY Research Report No. 46). 25 pp. Melbourne: ACER, ISSN 1440-3455 ISBN 0 86431 453 1 Report

R17. Marks, Gary. N. and Walker, Maurice (2003) Review of International Longitudinal Research on Youth Pathways from School and its Relevance to Youth Policy Development in New Zealand. Report for Research Division, Ministry of Education, New Zealand. 49 pp.

R16. Marks, Gary. N., Hillman, Kylie & Beavis, Adrian. (2003) Dynamics of the Australian Youth Labour Market: The 1975 Cohort, 1996-2000 (LSAY Research Report No. 34). 49 pp. Melbourne: ACER, ISSN 1440-3455 ISBN 0 86431 713 1 Report

R15. McMillan, Julie & Marks, Gary. N. (2003) School Leavers in Australia: Profiles and Pathways. (LSAY Research Report No. 31). 117 pp. Melbourne: ACER, ISSN 1440-3455 ISBN 0 86431 6097 Report

R14. Hillman, Kylie and Marks, Gary N. (2002) Becoming an Adult: Leaving home, Relationships and Home Ownership among Australian Youth (LSAY Research Report No. 28). 43 pp. Melbourne: ACER, ISSN 1440-3455 ISBN 0 86431 792 1 Report

R13. Marks, Gary N., McMillan, Julie & Hillman, Kylie (2001) Performance in Year 12 for Tertiary Entrance: The Role of Student Background and School Factors. (LSAY Research Report No. 22). 92 pp. Melbourne: ACER, ISBN 0 86431 448 5 Report

R12. Ainley, J. A., Frigo, T. Marks, G. N., McCormack, S. McMillan, J., Meiers, M. and Zammit, S. (2000) The Measurement of Language Background, Culture and Ethnicity for the Reporting of Nationally Comparable Outcomes of Schooling. Report for the National Education Performance Monitoring Taskforce. 82 pp. July 2000. On MCEETYA (Ministerial Council on Education, Employment, Training and Youth Affairs) Web Site. SummaryReport

R11. Marks, Gary N. and Julie McMillan (2000) Social Background and Educational Outcomes: Preliminary Results from the Longitudinal Surveys of Australian Youth. Report for the National Education Performance Monitoring Taskforce. 17 pp. June 2000.

R10. Marks, Gary N. Julie McMillan Frank L. Jones, and John Ainley (2000) The Measurement of Socioeconomic Status for the Reporting of Nationally Comparable Outcomes of Schooling. Report for the National Education Performance Monitoring Taskforce. 77 pp. June 2000. On MCEETYA Web Site SummaryReport

R9. Marks, Gary N. Silvia McCormack Julie McMillan (2000) Issues on the Utilization of Student Data for the Monitoring of the Relationship between Social Background and Educational Outcomes. Report for the National Education Performance Monitoring Taskforce. 26 pp. June 2000.

R8. Marks, Gary N., N. Fleming, M. Long, & Julie McMillan (2000) Patterns of Participation in Year 12 and Higher Education in Australia: Trends and Issues. December 2000. (LSAY Research Report No. 17). 60 pp. Melbourne: ACER, ISBN 0 86431 374 8 Report

R7. Marks, G. and Fleming, N. (1999) Early School Leaving in Australia: Findings from the 1995 Year 9 Cohort. (LSAY Research Report No. 11). 38 pp. Melbourne: ACER, September 1999. ISBN 0 86431 328 4 Report

R6. Ainley, J. & Marks, G. (1999) A Study of the Concurrent Validity of a Census-Based Index of the Socioeconomic Status of Schools. Canberra: DETYA (mimeo).

R5. Marks, G. and Fleming, N. (1998) Youth Earnings in Australia: 1980-1994: A Comparison of Three Youth Cohorts. (LSAY Research Report No. 8). 38 pp. Melbourne: ACER, September 1998. ISBN 0 86431 307 1 Report

R4. Marks, G. and Fleming, N. (1998) Factors Influencing Youth Unemployment in Australia: 1980-1994. (LSAY Research Report No. 7). 46 pp. Melbourne: ACER, September 1998. ISBN 0 86431 314 4 Report

R3. Fleming, N. and Marks, G. (1998) Well-being among Young Australians: Effects of work and home life for four Youth in Transition cohorts. (LSAY Research Report No. 6). 18 pp. Melbourne: ACER, September 1998. ISBN 0 86431 308 X Report

R2. Marks, G. (1998) Attitudes to School Life: Their Influences and their Effects on Achievement and Leaving school. LSAY Research Report No. 5). 17 pp. Melbourne: ACER, September 1998 ISBN 0 86431 315 Report

R1. Marks, G. and Ainley, J. (1997) Reading Comprehension and Numeracy among Junior Secondary School Students in Australia. (LSAY Research Report No. 3). 25 pp. Melbourne: ACER, March 1997. Report

Working Papers

Headey, B., Marks, G. N. and Wooden, M. (2004) The Structure and Distribution of Household Wealth in Australia Melbourne Institute Working Paper Series No 12/04 Paper

Webster, E., Marks, G. N. and Wooden, M. (2004) Reforming the Labour Market for Australian Teachers Melbourne Institute Working Paper Series No 28/04 Paper

Marks, Gary N. and Ainley, J. A. (1999) School achievement and labour market outcomes. Canberra: Centre for Economic Policy Research Discussion Paper 408, Australian National University, Paper

Keynote Addresses

Marks, G. N. (2006 October 26) ‘Immigrant Students and Between-School Differences in Performance’. Presentation at the Robert Schuman Centre, Villa la Fonte, European University Institute, Florence

Marks, G. N. (2006 June 30) ‘Financial Stress and the Dynamics of Financial Disadvantage ion Australia. Presentation to the Australian Financial Counsellors & Credit Reform Conference. Hotel Ibis, 15-21 Therry Street, Melbourne Friday June 30 2006

Marks, G. N. (2005 February) ‘Education or Work? Where should the Policy Emphasis be? Conference entitled Transitions and Risk: New Directions in Public Policy. University of Melbourne. February Wednesday 23 rd March to Friday 25 March 2005

Marks, G. N. (1999 May) ‘The Declining Influence of Social Structural Factors’ Invited Key-Note Speaker. Conference on Recent Trends and Methods of Social Stratification Research, Potsdam Germany. Sponsored by the Methodology Section of the German Sociological Society, Berlin-Bradenburg network of Longitudinal Researchers and the ISA (International Sociological Association) Research Committees on Logic and Methodology in Sociology (RC-33) and Mobility and Social Stratification (RC-28).

Presentations

Marks, G. N. (2005 May) ‘Schools and Early School Leaving’. Melbourne Institute Research Seminar Series.

Marks, G. N. (2005 October) ‘Modernization Theory and the Decline of Social Background’. Melbourne Institute Research Seminar Series.

Marks, G. N. (2005 September) ‘Accounting for Demographic and Social Differences in Wealth?’ HILDA Research conference. September 2005. Melbourne .

Marks, G. N. (2005 February) ‘Education or Work? What should be the policy priority in the transition from school to work?’ Policy Transitions and Risk: New Directions in Social Policy conference. February 2005. Melbourne .

Marks, G. N. (2004 August) 'School Sector Differences in Tertiary Entrance: Improving the Educational Outcomes of Government School Students' Making Schools Better Conference Melbourne. Marks, G. N. with McMillan (2003 August) 'Participation in Tertiary Education in Australia' RC28 Conference (NYU) New York Marks, G. N. with McMillan (2002 July) 'The Dynamics of the Youth Labour Market' RC28 Conference (ISA) Brisbane.

Marks, G. N. (2002 April) 'Social Background and Student Achievement. A Cross-national Comparison of over 30 countries.' RC28 Conference - Oxford University.

Marks, G. N. (2002 April) 'Policy Issues for Australia's Education System: Evidence from International and Australian research' Towards Opportunity and Prosperity Conference, 2002 Economic and Social Outlook Conference. The University of Melbourne.

Marks, G. N. with McMillan, J. (2001 October) 'Early school leavers: who are they, why do they leave and what are the consequences? Presented at ACER's Youth Pathways Conference. Melbourne Hilton

Marks, G. N. (2001 April) 'Social Background and School Achievement. Cross-National and over-time comparisons.' Conference on Globalization and the Welfare State (International Sociological Association) Research Committee on Mobility and Social Stratification (RC-28).

Marks, G. N. (2000 October) 'Tertiary Entrance Performance'. Presentation to DETYA Staff in DETYA's Times Square Building. Canberra.

Marks, G. N. (2000, May) Longitudinal Studies of Australian Youth: Educational Participation and Early Labour Market Experiences. Presentation to the Federal Department of Family and Community Services Conference on Panel Data, Canberra.

Marks, G.N., McMillan, J. and McKenzie, P. (2000, April) The Measurement of Socioeconomic Status for the Reporting of Nationally Comparable Outcomes of Schooling. Presentation to the full NEPM taskforce (National Education Performance Monitoring Taskforce). Treasury Place: Melbourne.

Marks, G. & Fleming, N. (1999, December) Changing patterns of school completion in Australia. Paper presented to the Annual AARE/NZARE Conference, Melbourne.

Marks, G. N. (1999, October) Educational Participation and the labour market experiences of early school leavers. Presentation to the Faculty of Economics, ANU, Canberra.

Marks, G. N. and Ganzeboom, B.G. (1999 September) 'Social Background: Field Trial Analyses & Main Study Questionnaire" Presentation to national representatives of the PISA study at the PISA Questionnaire Meeting, Luxembourg. 14-15 September 1999.

Marks, G. N. and Ainley, J.A. (1999 July) 'Enduring Effects of Early School Academic Experience' Conference on Labour Market Trends and Family Policies: Implications for Children. 14-15 July 1999, ANU. Presented by Marks.

Marks, G. N. (1999 May) 'Effects of School Achievement on Educational and Labour Market Outcomes. Changes over-time in Australia and the United States' International Sociological Association Research Committee no. 28 Social Stratification, Warsaw Poland (ISA RC28)

Marks, G. N. and Ainley, J.A . (1999 April) 'School Achievement and Labour Market Outcomes: A long Term Perspective' Paper presented to the Annual Meeting of the American Educational Research Association, 1999, Montreal Canada. Presented by Ainley.

Marks, G. N. (1998 September) 'Youth unemployment and youth earnings in Australia, 1980-1994: data from the Longitudinal Surveys of Australian Youth'. Presentation to DEETYA Staff in DEETYA's Times Square Building. Canberra.

Marks, G. N. (1998 February) 'School Leavers in Australia: Characteristics, Influences and Post-School Activities, 1996-1997.' Presented at the Australian Association for Social Research Annual Conference, University of Ballarat. February 8 1998.

Marks, G. N. (1997 November) 'Influences on School Achievement in Australia 1975-1996' Presented at the Australian Association for Research in Education, Brisbane. November 1997.

Marks, G. N. (1997 September) 'Social and Contextual Influences on Attitudes to School' Presented at the Multilevel Modelling Workshop. School of Education, Macquarie University, 29 September

Marks, G. N. & Lamb, S. (1997 March) 'Reading and Numeracy in Junior Secondary School: Trends, Patterns and Consequences'. Lunchtime Seminar, Presented to DEETYA officers in Canberra.

Marks, G.N. Treiman, D. and Wong, R. (1995) Communist Party Members in Five Former Soviet-Bloc Countries. Quantitative Sociology Series Seminars, UCLA June 1995.

Marks, G. N., Zagorski, K. and Ganzeboom, H. (1995) Socialism, Modernisation and Educational and Occupational Attainment in Poland. East European Transitions Project Seminars, Department of Sociology UCLA, October 1994.

Marks, G. N. & Crook, C. (1994) 'Occupational and Educational Attainment in Australia, Britain and the United States'. A Cohort Analysis. Presented at the ISA RC28 meeting in Canberra January 1995.

Marks, G.N. (1991). `Occupational Attainment in Australia: Changes Over Time 1967-1990'. Paper presented at 1991 Annual Convention, Hungarian Sociological Association, June 24-28 1991, Budapest, Hungary.

Marks, G.N. (1991). `Changes over time in the Rigidity of the Australia Stratification Order'. Paper presented at Social Inequality in Historical and Comparative Perspective Conference (ISA Committee No. 28). June 18-21 1991, Prague, Czechoslovakia.

Marks, G.N. (1988) `Mass Attitudes in the Australian Public - does Class matter?' Paper presented at December 1988 SAANZ conference, Australian National University, Canberra.

Marks, G.N. (1988). `Subjective Class Identification Among Australian Women and Men'. Paper presented at December 1988 SAANZ conference, Australian National University, Canberra.

Marks, G.N. (1988). `Class, Political Partisanship, Issues and Vote: Some Preliminary Findings'. Paper presented at the Social Research Conference, University of Queensland, Brisbane.

Marks, G.N. (1987). `Class and Voting Behaviour: A Comparison of Between Australia and the United States'. Paper presented at meeting of International Comparative Project on Class Structure and Class Consciousness held at Madison, Wisconsin.

Holton, B., Marks, G.N. and Western, J.S. (1986). `Class structure of Adelaide and Brisbane : A comparison'. Paper Presented at the August 1986 SAANZ Conference held at University of New England, Armidale.

Marks, G.N. (1986). `Class and Voting Behaviour: Brisbane 1984'. Paper presented at 1986 SAANZ Conference held at University of New England, Armidale.

Marks, G.N. and Western, J.S. (1985). `An Empirical Comparison of Differing Conceptualisations of Class'. Paper presented at 1985 SAANZ Conference, University of Queensland, Brisbane.

Marks, G.N., Western, J.S. and Emmison, M. (1985). `An Outline of the Australian Project'. Paper presented at meeting of International Comparative Project on Class Structure and Class Consciousness held in Tampere, Finland.